eMoto - Affectively Involving both Body and Mind

It is known that emotions are experienced by both body and mind. Oftentimes, emotions are evoked by sub-symbolic stimuli, such as colors, shapes, gestures, or music. We have built eMoto, a mobile service for sending affective mes-sages to others, with the explicit aim of addressing such sensing. Through combining affective gestures for input with affective expressions that make use of colors, shapes and animations for the background of messages, the interac-tion pulls the user into an embodied ‘affective loop’. We present a user study of eMoto where 12 out of 18 subjects got both physically and emotionally involved in the interac-tion. The study also shows that the designed ‘openness’ and ambiguity of the expressions, was appreciated and under-stood by our subjects

A user-centred approach to affective interaction

We have built eMoto, a mobile service for sending and receiving affective messages, with the explicit aim of addressing the inner experience of emotions. eMoto is a designed artifact that carries emotional experiences only achieved through interaction. Following on the theories of embodiment, we argue emotional experiences can not be design in only design for. eMoto is the result of a user-centered design approach, realized through a set of initial brain-storming methods, a persona, a Laban-analysis of body language and a two-tiered evaluation method. eMoto is not a system that could have been designed from theory only, but require an iterative engagement with end-users, however, in combination with theoretical work. More specifically, we will show how we have managed to design an ambiguous and open system that allows for users’ emotional engagement

Designing gestures for affective input: an analysis of shape, effort and valence

We discuss a user-centered approach to incorporating affective expressions in interactive applications, and argue for a design that addresses both body and mind. In particular, we have studied the problem of finding a set of affective gestures. Based on previous work in movement analysis and emotion theory [Davies, Laban and Lawrence, Russell], and a study of an actor expressing emotional states in body movements, we have identified three underlying dimensions of movements and emotions: shape, effort and valence. From these dimensions we have created a new affective interaction model, which we name the affective gestural plane model. We applied this model to the design of gestural affective input to a mobile service for affective messages

A Foundation for Emotional Expressivity

To express emotions to others in mobile text messaging in our view require designs that can both capture some of the ambiguity and subtleness that characterizes emotional interaction and keep the media specific qualities. Through the use of a body movement analysis and a dimensional model of emotion experiences, we arrived at a design for a mobile messaging service, eMoto. The service makes use of the sub-symbolic expressions; colors, shapes and animations, for expressing emotions in an open-ended way. Here we present the design process and a user study of those expressions, where the results show that the use of these sub-symbolic expressions can work as a foundation to use as a creative tool, but still allowing for the communication to be situated. The inspiration taken from body movements proved to be very useful as a design input. It was also reflected in the way our subjects described the expressions

Får domstolens rättstillämpning komma som en blixt från klar himmel? - En utredning av principen om jura novit curias förhållande till kontradiktionsprincipen

Två grundläggande rättsgrundsatser inom civilprocessrätten är principen om jura novit curia och kontradiktionsprincipen. Jura novit curia innebär att domstolen känner lagen och att domstolen ska tillämpa den adekvata rättsregeln på tvisten, oavsett om parterna baserat sin talan på denna eller ej. Kontradiktionsprincipen, som både finns i intern svensk rätt och i EKMR, stadgar att ingen får dömas ohörd. Dessa två principer existerar parallellt. Det som är omdiskuterat är huruvida kontradiktionsprincipen skapar en rätt för parterna att bemöta den rättsregel som domstolen kommer grunda domen på och uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka detta och huruvida en sådan rätt i vart fall borde finnas. Inom doktrin finns blandade uppfattningar om detta, men det torde stå klart att de flesta anser att domstolen i vart fall bör underrätta parterna innan domslutet grundas på icke-åberopade rättsregler. Med utgångspunkt i principernas tillämpningsområden aktualiseras även frågan om domstolens materiella processledning avseende rättsregler. Processledningen är först och främst inriktad på att berika och begränsa processmaterialet för att reda ut oklarheter i parternas talan. I RB stadgas inget uttryckligt om materiell processledning avseende rättsfrågor, men där uppställs heller inget hinder för detta. HD har i sin praxis berört frågan flertalet gånger. I bl.a. NJA 1989 s. 614 konstateras jura novit curias starka ställning i svensk rätt. I resningsärendet till NJA 2016 s. 107 uttalade HD att parterna borde getts möjlighet att yttra sig i tvistemålet. Torgny Håstad har i samband med detta påstått att HD har skapat en plikt för domstolar att inhämta parternas synpunkter. Även NJA 1999 s. 629 ger uttryck för att parterna bör bli upplysta i de fall domstolen överväger att tillämpa en rättsregel som inte diskuterats under rättegången. Europadomstolen har ännu inte prövat frågan om jura novit curia i förhållande till kontradiktionsprincipen i dispositiva tvistemål och tills ett sådant avgörande kommer torde det vara oklart hur långt kontradiktionsprincipen sträcker sig. Som rättsläget ser ut idag är det alltså tillåtet för domstolen att grunda sin dom på andra rättsregler än de som åberopats av parterna, utan att parterna förvarnas om detta. Dock bör kommunicering med parterna ske och det går därmed att utläsa att överraskande rättstillämpning inte är önskvärt.Two fundamental principles in the Swedish procedural code are the principle iura novit curia and the principle of an adversarial procedure. Iura novit curia means that the court knows the law and that the judge is responsible for the application of the relevant legal rules, whether the parties have based their pleadings on these or not. The principle of an adversarial procedure, which exists both in Swedish internal law and in the ECHR, states that the parties have the right not to be judged unheard. These two principles exist side by side. It is discussed whether the principle of an adversarial procedure creates a right for the parties to respond to the legal rule that the court will base its decision on. This thesis aims to examine this question and whether such a right should exist. Within the doctrine there are some different opinions, but it is quite clear that the prevailing view is that the court should notify the parties before it bases its decision on other rules than those the parties raised during the process. The issue concerning the material proceedings regarding the application of law is actualized by the application of these two principles. The material proceedings are first of all aiming to clarify uncertainties in the parties’ pleadings. The rules in RB do not express any explicit support for the notion that direction of proceedings encompasses the application of law, neither does it put up any bars for this notion. The Swedish Supreme Court (HD) has touched the question a couple of time. I NJA 1989 s. 614 HD stated that iura novit curia has a strong position within swedish law. In the new trial case to NJA 2016 s. 107, HD expressed that the parties should have been given the opportunity to express themselves in the dispute. Torgny Håstad has in this context alleged that HD has created an obligation for the court to obtain the view of the parties. Also, NJA 1999 s. 629 expresses that the parties should be enlightened when the court is considering to applying another legal rule to the dispute other than those the parties have referred to. The European Court of Human Rights has not yet tried the issue about iura novit curia in relation to the principle of an adversarial procedure when it comes to civil disputes. Until such a judgement is created, it will probably be uncertain how far the principle of an adversarial procedure stretches. The legal situation today allows the court to base its judgement on other legal rules than does quoted by the parties, without giving the parties such notice. However, communication ought to occur as surprising law enforcement is not desirable

Designing real-time, continuous emotion annotation techniques for 360° VR videos

With the increasing availability of head-mounted displays (HMDs) that show immersive 360° VR content, it is important to understand to what extent these immersive experiences can evoke emotions. Typically to collect emotion ground truth labels, users rate videos through post-experience self-reports that are discrete in nature. However, post-stimuli self-reports are temporally imprecise, especially after watching 360° videos. In this work, we design six continuous emotion annotation techniques for the Oculus Rift HMD aimed at minimizing workload and distraction. Based on a co-design session with six experts, we contribute HaloLight and DotSize, two continuous annotation methods deemed unobtrusive and easy to understand. We discuss the next challenges for evaluating the usability of these techniques, and reliability of continuous annotations

Characterization of woodstove briquettes from torrefied biomass and coal

peer-reviewedUsing waste biomass materials offers the potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Torrefaction is very useful for improving the fuel properties of biomass in order to better match those of coal. The aim of this work is to compare the properties of torrefied low quality biomass briquettes against coal equivalents. The composition of the briquettes was characterized by 13C CP/MAS, proximate analysis, and X-ray diffraction and the results were compared with equilibrium calculations. In addition to these techniques, we report for the first time on the use of XμCT for characterizing such materials. The XμCT analysis showed that the briquette structure contains carbon, binder and inorganic matter, with quartz retained from the original feedstock in torrefied biomass and coal briquettes. The CO2 reactivity of pulverized briquettes was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Results showed that the inorganic matter influences the reactivity less than the organic composition and porosity. Importantly from a technological standpoint, the increase in binder concentration and replacement of starch with resin binder did not influence the reactivity and calorific value of a pulverized briquette